UNP Sustainability
Development Goals
SDG 5 - GENDER EQUALITY
The University of Northern Philippines (UNP) demonstrates a strong commitment to Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender Equality through its comprehensive approach to gender mainstreaming, and women’s empowerment.
Gender Difference in the Performance of the 2018 UNP Civil Engineering Graduates in the Licensure Exam
Proponents: Norma A. Esguerra, Christy Faye A. Gasmen
Abstract
Through the years, female enrollees to the civil engineering program increase. The BSCE program which was once male-dominated has gradually developed into a co-ed profession. Nevertheless, doubts as to how competitive the female civil engineers are still exist despite the non-significant difference in the abilities of males and females in other programs resulting from research findings. This bias could have originated from the years they were in college. This study aims to discover gender difference in the scholastic and board performances among the 2018 BSCE graduates in the College of Engineering, University of Northern Philippines. The college grades and board ratings of 88 male and 64 female graduates who took the board examination in this same year were analyzed. The college grades, called scholastic performance, were requested from the University Registrar. Board ratings, taken as the board performance, were requested from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).
Keywords: scholastic performance, board performance, gender difference, significant difference, significant relationship
The Status of the Sports Development Program of a State University in Region 1
Proponents: Chasen G. Almazan
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the status of the Sports Development Program of the University of Northern Philippines for the Academic Year 2020-2021. It employed the descriptive correlational method of research. The data gathered were treated with the following tools: frequency count and percentage, weighted mean, ranking, and correlation analysis. Results revealed that overall, the UNP’s Sports Development Program status is “Very Satisfactory.” The performance of the teams was found to be significantly related to the status of the university’s sports development program in terms of its implementation of strategies and techniques, support systems, benefits, incentives and awards, and competencies of coaches. The student-athletes face the challenges of balancing athletic and academic responsibilities. The following recommendations are forwarded: (1) All the Coaches and Trainers should be encouraged to improve their craft by attending relevant training; (2) Student athletes should also be able to excel not only in sports but also in academics; (3) The Sports Development should take necessary steps in improving the performance of the Teams in the competitions; (4) The best practices of the high-performing HEIs should be adapted; (5) Mechanisms and action plans should address the problems and concerns of the respondents. (6) Year-round sports activities involving all the stakeholders should be conducted to strengthen linkages and promote health and wellness.
Keywords: Sports, coaches, student-athletes, sports development program, sports activities
Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Perspective
Proponents: Remedios T. Navarro, Cid A. Javier, Edelyn A. Cadorna, Grace A. Garcia, Bonna Mae S. Gorospe
Abstract
Women’s physical, reproductive, and emotional health are all significantly impacted by intimate partner violence (IPV), which is now recognized as a serious public health issue. According to the feminist paradigm, intimate partner violence is a complex issue that involves both socio-cultural and psychological elements interacting. To realize an accurate cluster of countries and develop a statistical model to explain the prevalence of domestic violence against women, a data mining model of global domestic violence against women’s incidence was constructed. The research results show three clusters among the countries from the different regions of the world, characterized by the variables considered. Moreover, the results reveal that the poverty gap, literacy rate, alcohol consumption of men, the share of the population with alcohol or drug use disorders, prevalence of anxiety disorders in women, and prevalence of depressive disorders in both men and women came out as significant predictors.
Keywords: global domestic violence, feminist theory of violence, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis
Arem wennu Raem (admiration or respect): A phenomenological understanding of Ilocano courtship
Proponent: Chase Mark S. Suyat, Mae Angelie V. Salvador-Garcia, Julie May N. Molina
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the real meaning of “panagarem” in the concept of Ilocano and its evolution, ways, and practices through the years. This study employed phenomenology using individual interviews. There were 4 participants from each generation. The study revealed that panagarem” plays an essential role in understanding the deeper meaning of Ilocano courtship with new strategies in the courting of the Ilocanos, whether traditional or modern style. The custom of Ilocano panagarem requiring a certain man to work for the woman’s family was a “long, arduous, and expensive process of courting. A series of friendly dates is the normal starting point in the Ilocano way of courting, and it is usually beginning with “sinuron” or the process of teasing, a process of pairing off a potential couple. Moreover, material things are the basis of settling down, because they are focused on the idea of stability. However, some of the previous practices are not going away; they use them until now. However, some practices have been added because of technology and social media platforms. However, the bottom line here is that the respect and honor of the parents of the “Maarar-arem” are still practiced in different generations. That concludes that “Panagarem” is also “Panag- Raem.
Keywords: courtship, “Panagarem” evolution, modern courtship, traditional courtship
A Sequential-Explanatory Study on the Financial Literacy of Women Farmers in Ilocos Sur
Proponents: Maria Sofia Guiller T. Tomaneng, Reynalyn D. Amistad, Jasmine Mild B. Ato, Sophia O. Chan, Francine Nicole C. Custodio, Bonifacio Jonelle D. Peruna, Adrienne Bianca C. Solian, Christian S. Domondon
Abstract
Women farmers are underrepresented in Philippine society. Their existence and hard work are often disregarded and undervalued. This is apparent in localities where agriculture is the leading source of income. This sequential-explanatory study inquired about women farmers’ financial literacy level and lived experiences in four municipalities in the 1st District of Ilocos Sur, where most women farmers are located. The study utilized a problem-solving test and survey questionnaires to determine the literacy level of women farmers in terms of knowledge, attitude and behavior, and skills. At the same time, a semi-structured interview was done for the qualitative aspect of the study. Frequency and percentage, mean, and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. Results showed that women farmers exhibited low financial knowledge and skills and a high financial attitude and behavior, resulting in an average financial literacy. Challenges influenced by their low financial knowledge and skills were due to environmental and social factors. Meanwhile, their high financial attitude and behavior positively impacted their lived farming experiences. Moreover, their exposure to selling, budgeting, saving, and engaging with banking institutions contributed to their average financial literacy. Therefore, the study recommends programs and training implementations by the government to improve the farmers’ financial literacy further and empower women farmers.
Keywords: Agriculture, financial literacy, mixed-methods, sequential-explanatory, women farmers
The Untold Stories of People Who Had Suicidal Ideations: A Phenomenological Study
Proponents: Krista B. Manzano, Pe R. Asuncion, Blessie Ann R. Cabato, Andrea Mae F. Jimenez, Alyssa Jane B. Palacpac, Cherry B. Banilad
Abstract
This study explored and described the lived experiences of people who had suicidal ideations. It gathered information and real-life experiences to reveal the significant life stories of persons with suicidal thoughts. Descriptive phenomenology was employed to explore and describe the lived experiences of young adults who had suicidal ideation. The study included eight participants who were selected purposively. A semi-structured individual interview was utilized in gathering the data. Data analysis was done immediately after every data collection using Colaizzi’s seven-step processes. This study has three central themes that emerged from the data which included a) emotional experience, b) life’s crisis, and c) sparks of hope in life. The main themes are classified into eleven categories: the feeling of emptiness, feeling of worthlessness, feeling of emotional pain, feeling of giving up, family conflict, intrapersonal conflict, challenging life situations, isolation, restoration and installation of hope, sustaining positive relationships, and sense of life. This research revealed that all have their battles to fight. Coping with their issues, becoming independent, and trying to bridge the gap between their dear ones and, most importantly, with themselves entail emotional labor, as each participant from a different context with different backstories shared their unique experiences. Therefore, student nurses should uplift these vulnerable groups’ spiritual values and morals and encourage them to vent their feelings to trusted friends.
Keywords: Suicide, ideations, real-life, experiences, young adult
Itneg Mother’s Concessions: Perinatal Beliefs and Practices Unwrapped
Proponents: Daryll Jeremy Virtudes, Andrea Janella Labuni, Hannah Kaye Tolentino, Jamaica Tenorio, Lilia Elizabeth Quitevis, Glayza Mae Manzano, Jantrix Ace Collado, Nico Van Adrian Villahermosa, Jevie A. Abella
Abstract
This study unwrapped and discussed the beliefs and practices of Itnegs during the perinatal period, particularly in the pregnancy, postpartum, and infant care phases. A descriptive phenomenology type of qualitative study was utilized to explore the beliefs and practices of the Itnegs in Barangay Cadanglaan, Magsingal, Ilocos Sur. With all the revelations of the participants, the following conclusions were coiled: The first central theme is Neonatal and Intrapartal Care with two categories, Superstitious Beliefs and Practices, Multivitamin Supplementation, and Safety Measures; under this theme highlighted the beliefs and practices that they follow to attain good delivery of fetus and practices that may lessen the jeopardy of complications that may lead to abortion and other complications of the mother and the fetus. The second theme is postpartum care, which has two categories: scientific and indigenous approaches. This portion revealed that Itnegs have different beliefs and practices that focus on faster healing of the mother and prevention of post-delivery complications of the fetus; all are anchored to the inherited knowledge from their predecessors. The third theme is Neonatal Care, with three categories, Protection Feeding Approaches and Home Remedies, which lean on protecting against harm to the infant, both physiologic and superstitious claims. Lastly, the fourth theme is Introspections with two categories: Culture Adaptation and Culture Preservation, wherein these folks showed how worried they are about possibly eliminating these native practices and beliefs and how they adapted new practices. Itnegs are one of the IP groups with gazillions of practices and beliefs that are fascinating and tested over time. However, as days go on, these ancestral concepts weren’t transmitted to the present generation, which gives an increased possibility of being covered up by modern approaches. The revelation of these tribal concepts is essential because they are not just considered manna but treasures sharpened by time and challenged by the dynamic world.
Keywords: Perinatal, beliefs, practices, itnegs
The Lifeworld of Voluntary Childless Married Couples
Proponents: Jesserie Grace C. Anglo, Ariza May Q. Quiocho, Sunshine M. Tubera, Marinella Yagin, Bonna Mae S. Gorospe
Abstract
Childlessness is an increasingly common phenomenon in modern society, and couples who do not have children often face unique experiences. Despite the existing literature about being childless, a dearth of recent evidence on the lifeworld was noted. This qualitative study explored the lifeworld of ten voluntary childless married couples using transcendental phenomenology. Data were gathered through one-on-one semi-structured interviews with a researcher-made guide. Data were transcribed, coded, and categorized to obtain the results of the study. Data revealed that factors contributing to voluntary childlessness included age, body concerns, career focus, fear of responsibility, socio-economic factors, and others’ experiences. Informants reported positive emotions, togetherness, financial security, career focus, firm decision-making, support systems, and social challenges in their experiences. Their future perspectives included contentment, commitment, increased time together, anxiety, and thoughts on inheritance. The study suggests a need for further research on this topic. Additionally, information and educational materials about raising awareness, finding support, and building the confidence of the voluntary childless married couples to speak up and recognize their uniqueness should be developed.
Keywords: Marriage, Childlessness, Transcendental Phenomenology, Moustakas, Philippines
Roses After the Thorns: Challenges and Coping Among the Spouses of Uniformed Personnel
Proponents: Alma Josefina A. Bobita, Wendelyn R. Talbo
Abstract
This study explored and described the experiences of the spouses of uniformed personnel, specifically on their challenges and coping. It employed the transcendental phenomenology design to understand the experiences of the spouses of uniformed personnel. Semi- structured interviews were utilized to elicit information to answer the research questions. The interview was conducted using telephones, cellphones, and video calls. The participants were spouses of uniformed personnel who rendered ten years and above in service. The study revealed that uniformed personnel spouses were confronted with challenges because they have their unique ways of coping with various challenges. These challenges are time, stress, and nervous breakdown. Their coping mechanisms are faith in God and understanding the nature of work. The Armed Forces of the Philippines must organize activities involving all the family members of the spouses of the uniformed personnel.
Keywords: challenges, spouses, experiences, uniformed personnel, coping
Ilokano-Ness Of Bain Ken Basol: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Proponents: Aldrin S. Jaramilla, Lloyd A. Mata, Simeon Abarquez IV
Abstract
This study aims to metaphysically explore, interpret, and establish how the Ilocanos in the northern part of the Philippine islands experience bain ken basol, understood as shame and sin or guilt, during moral failure and how they resolve it. The research method used is a qualitative research design employing the philosophic phenomenological method that comprises the four intertwining steps of 1) epoche, 2) phenomenological reduction, 3) imaginative variation, and 4) synthesis. Vital information had been explored from thirty informants represented by the young, middle-aged, and old generations through in-depth, semi-structured interviews or open-ended questioning. The findings of the study revealed that thecultural complexities and the perspectival and contextual concepts of the Ilocano society have established a progressively multifaceted psychoanalytic intersubjective ground. The discussions of the experiences and concepts built up on bain ken basol further boiled down to four theories, namely: theory of distinctiveness, theory of oneness, theory of accommodation, theory of interconnectedness, theory of relational responsibility.
Keywords: shame, sin-guilt, intersubjective, grounded theories
Young Adults' Intrapersonal Construct of Sexual Harassment
Proponent: Irene Abigail S. Guerrero, DComm
Abstract
There is little literature discussing the construction of meaning at an individual level about sexual harassment. This study presented the level of perception of males and females on sexually harassing content and discussed how males and females construe sexual harassment. Using integrated mixed methods and employing quota sampling, 400 respondents from the Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur provinces participated in the survey, and 10 participants were interviewed. Based on the study results, females and males have varying levels of perception of verbal, visual, physical, and digital body language constructs relating to sexually harassing content. Their levels of perception of sexually harassing content are more pronounced in same-sex communication; female-to-female, and male-to-male communication events. Further, the construct of sexual harassment was influenced by the sender’s and recipient’s gender and sex, degree of intimacy in relationships, and non-verbal communication. Future studies could explore policy sciences, computer-mediated communication, and misinterpretation and miscommunication in within sexual harassment issues.
Keywords: baldi, indigo vats, indigo dye, built heritage, heritage protection